A 1993 U.S. law that allows women to return to their jobs after spending up to 12 weeks at home caring for a newborn has had an effect on fertility: Women who are eligible under the Family and Medical Leave Act are giving birth to their first children a year earlier than non-eligible women and bearing their second children 8.5 months earlier, says Colin Cannonier of Belmont University. To be covered, women must have worked for their employers for at least a year and must have worked at least 1,250 hours during the previous 12 months. By contrast, the fertility impact of similar regulations in Europe have been ambiguous, Cannonier says.
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