In 1890, the poorest 10% of male U.S. workers labored an average of 10.99 hours per day, while the richest worked 8.95 hours. A century later, the poorest's hours had dropped to 8.83 hours a day, while the richest's hours had barely budged, say Diego Restuccia of the University of Toronto and Guillaume Vandenbroucke of the University of Southern California. Over the course of 100 years, the poorest's productivity rose dramatically, and their resulting higher hourly earnings allowed them to spend less time working and more time going to school, the researchers say.
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